Guidelines for Competitive Battery Play
In the rapidly evolving world of technology, lithium-ion batteries have become an integral part of our daily lives. However, their transport and storage come with a unique set of challenges, as these energy-dense power sources can pose significant risks if not handled correctly.
Firstly, it's crucial to understand that lithium-ion batteries must be packaged separately to avoid the possibility of short circuits. This requirement extends to various modes of transport, including air, sea, and road.
Air transport regulations are particularly strict, governed by The International Air Transportation Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations. On the other hand, the transport and storage of lithium-ion batteries in Europe are governed by a combination of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, ADR, RID, and IMDG Code Amendment 39-18 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
The packaging requirements are extensive, including specific inner and outer transport casing requirements, gas venting apparatus, protection from excessive vibration and movement, and other characteristics. These regulations ensure the safe transportation of lithium-ion batteries, reducing the risk of accidents and incidents.
Logistics providers moving batteries require qualified staff with relevant dangerous goods handling certifications granted by national transport or logistics authorities. One such provider, Kuehne + Nagel, addresses the complex issues associated with moving batteries via its KN BatteryChain service, employing specially trained battery experts with SHQE-audited Lithium-ion Battery Specialist licenses.
It's essential to note that existing dangerous goods regulations only stipulate the minimum transport requirements. Non-conformity results in increased safety risks and exposure to heavy fines. For instance, returned and damaged batteries pose a significant risk in the supply chain and require new regulations and measures for safe storage and handling.
Different requirements apply for batteries above and below 100Wh. Over 100Wh are subject to less stringent transport and packaging rules. However, increased requirements, such as testing, apply for weight above 333kg per shipment.
National level legislation varies from country to country, and some countries have multiple regulations relating to different legal jurisdictions. For example, in Belgium, four different laws governing the transport of waste batteries are applicable, depending on geographic territory.
Existing battery transport regulations may not be sufficient to manage the evolving risks associated with lithium-ion batteries, given the rapid changes in battery technologies, materials, and power densities. To address these challenges, organizations are advised to adopt strong governance processes with dedicated resources to track and validate standards and continue to develop close relationships with shipping partners to ensure compliance.
Every lithium-ion battery shipment must be accompanied with a dangerous goods transport document, which must be signed by the shipper. Batteries need additional marking and the regulations limit the level of charge in the battery to not exceed 30%.
It's important to be aware of the applicable legislation, as a lack of awareness is a significant challenge for both shippers and freight forwarders in the transportation of lithium batteries. Prohibitions on the transport of defective or damaged batteries that have a potential of producing dangerous evolution of heat, fire, or short circuit exist.
Lastly, it's crucial to address the uncertainty surrounding the upcoming regulations, making investments in storage solutions risky. The higher costs of meeting packaging, inspection, skilled labor, and certification requirements, as well as dealing with constantly evolving standards, are challenges faced by logistics service providers (LSPs) in the transportation of lithium-ion batteries.
In conclusion, the transportation of lithium-ion batteries is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of the applicable regulations and a commitment to safety and compliance. By adhering to these guidelines, we can ensure the safe and efficient movement of these vital energy sources, powering our modern world.
